Britain is an island, which was home to England, Scotland and Wales, establishes, with many smaller islands, an archipelago with a very irregular shape varied landscape and nature.The latter is a result of the British Isles were once part of Europe, but were cut off from the mainland after the flooding of low-lying land, are now bottom North Sea and English Channel Strait.Northern Ireland, which complements the political United Kingdom is the second largest island, Ireland, and is the western extension of the Scottish mountains.The mountainous areas are separated by a narrow channel of the North.

Territory

Geography Britain was zero meridian, which passes through the international time zone in Greenwich, east of London, 50 degrees north latitude in the south-east of England and 60 degrees north latitude in the Shetland Islands.Thus, Britain is only 10 degrees latitude, which makes it quite a small country compared with some other European countries.However, even at this tiny territory, it retained the great variety of landscapes and contrasting natural features, which affect tourists waiting to see overcrowded and industrialized countries.Of any place is easily accessible to a large number of excellent species and recreation areas, such as the 10 national parks in England and Wales and areas of natural beauty in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

The distance from the southern coast of England to the northernmost tip of Scotland is 960 km, and between the east coast of England and western Wales, 480 km.These relatively short distances contributed to a political union and the establishment of close links to the acute.They also helped create a social, economic and governmental systems.But until the mid-18th century there were significant obstacles association, such as the difficult terrain and poorly developed transportation.

Area Britain is about 240,842 sq. km.km.Most of the land is, the rest rivers and lakes.England Area is 129,634 square kilometres.km. , Wales 20637-squarekm. , Scotland 77179-squarekm.and Northern Ireland-13438 squarekm.Thus, England much more than other countries in the United Kingdom, and has the largest population.These factors explain the dominance of England in British history.

Climate

The relatively small size of the country and almost universal impact of warm seas and west winds meant that throughout the UK there is extreme temperature contrasts.The climate is mostly moderate, but the difference between the cold and soft.Altitude affects the temperature, so that the hills and mountains colder than in the valleys.Òàêèì îáðàçîì, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü Øîòëàíäèè, à òàêæå õîëìèñòàÿ ìåñòíîñòü Óýëüñà è Àíãëèè ïðîõëàäíåå ëåòîì è õîëîäíåå çèìîé ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ îñòàëüíîé Àíãëèåé.

The temperature rarely reaches 32 ° C in summer or fall below -10 ° C in winter.However, there is a marked difference between the north and south.The average temperature in the Shetland Islands ranges from 3 ° C in winter and 11 ° C in the summer months.The temperature in the southernmost point of the islands, Isle Of Wight, 5 ° C and 16 ° C.Of course, there are exceptions beyond these temperatures, during the year and in different parts of the country.

Nature and Animals

Except for the north of Scotland, hilly terrain north and west, marshes, swamps and edges Bank native vegetation British Isles are deciduous trees, mostly oak.The man they were rare forests and wild areas or Biebrza vegetation prichudlivo scattered among flat arable fields.Íåìíîãèå èç ýòèõ ïðåêðàñíûõ ïîëåé è ëóãîâ, êàêèìè áû äèêèìè îíè íå êàçàëèñü, ìîãóò ïðåòåíäîâàòü íà çâàíèå äåéñòâèòåëüíî åñòåñòâåííûõ ðàñòèòåëüíûõ ìèðîâ: ïî÷òè âñå áûëè ïàñòáèùàìè èëè âûðóáëåííûìè ëåñàìè.Forests now cover less than 10%, and despite the protection of forests since 1919, almost two thirds of the forests are privately owned.The biggest forests can be found in northeastern Scotland (Kilder and other forests in Nortumberlande), Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, Gvined in Wales and Brekland in Norfolk.

Polyana and barren with about a quarter throughout the United Kingdom.They may contain true Arctic vegetation, and Erica, bilberries, moss, and, of course, the grass.This vegetation can be found in the highlands of eastern and Northern Ireland, with a large moss.In the lowlands, where the land contains a lot of sand, the dominant plant is Erica ordinary whose zaļš color adds colour autumn countryside, and sometimes the sea.Part of the land bordering the sea, escaped the attention of people and animals, so there are often caught up zone marine vegetation in their natural state.

The ability to survive wild animals, amphibians and reptiles, the United Kingdom depends on their ability to adapt to a changing environment and to protect itself from attacks by enemies, which is the most dangerous people.Mammals luck more than amphibians and reptiles - they survive in more places.Most previously widespread animals such as wild boar, deer and northern wolves, extinct, but noble deer still live in the Scottish mountains and oak forests in Scotland and southern England.Carnivores (dogs, foxes, otters, ermines and affection) survive where the fewest people are also widely distributed rodents (rats, mice, squirrels) and insectivorous (hedgehogs, moles, otter).Rabbits are being everywhere, and this number is increasing.Another representative of the family, hares, live in the mountains and plains.Amphibians are represented by three types of newts and five species of frogs and toads, while reptiles are represented by three types of snakes, of which only facility toads, and three types of lizards.In Northern Ireland, no snakes.

The British island is a paradise for ornithologist.Islands are at the junction point of the migration system, and coastal, rural and urban habitat for birds completely different.In Britain, you can find some 200 species of birds, of which more than half come from other countries.Many species can adapt to changing conditions, and it is believed that the suburban garden birds more than in any forest.Preying mainly on wild pigeons, partridges and pheasants.The multiple species, sparrow, rooks, Finch and starling.

The draining of the marshes resulted in the displacement of water birds in various avian reserves.Ornithological organizations and encourage the study and preservation of birds.As a result, a number of protected areas for birds.These actions, together with a positive attitude to the wild can help mitigate the harm to birds and their habitats blow.

Many British rivers, once its famous salmon, trout, salmon, bass, pike and salmon were contaminated, resulting in a decline in the domestic fishing industry.Fishing in fresh water for only sport.North Sea coast for centuries were the largest fishing industries in Europe.The main commercial fish - cod, mackerel, haddock, merlang, herring and flounder.

The embassy of Russia

Moscow 121099 Smolenskaya Naberezhnaya 10
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Ambassador of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Russian Federation, Mr Tony Brenton

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