City Finland, Finland resorts, attractions Finland, Finland map
Territory
State in Northern Europe, in the east of the Scandinavian Peninsula.In southern and eastern borders with Russia, in the north of Norway, to the west of Sweden.South coast waters bordering the Finnish Botnicheskogo bays and the sea.Most of the country is occupied holmisto-morennymi plains with numerous exits rocks and extensive network ozerno-rechnoy (in the country of 187,888 lakes!) .Up to 1 / 3 of all countries zabolocheno.In the north-east of the eastern tip of the Scandinavian stretches of mountains (highest peak-town Haltia, 1328 m.).Baltic Sea coast low walls and numerous islands and Skerries.
The country also has the Aland Islands (Ahvenanmaa archipelago), about 6.5 thousandsmall low island south-west coast of the country.The total area of 338 thousand Finlandsquare.km.
Climate
Moderate mainland, the north is a powerful "warmth" influence over the North Atlantic, in the south-west transition from the continental temperate.A mild winter snows and a warm summer.The highest temperature of 25 C to 30 C and an average temperature of about 18 C, with the water temperature in shallow lakes and the sea-coast fast reaching 20 C or higher.
Winter temperatures often fall below -20 C, but with the average temperature ranging from -3 C in the south (with frequent thaw) to -14 C in the north.Over the Arctic Circle in the summer sun never falls beyond the horizon for 73 days, and winter here is the polar night ( "kaamos"), which endures to 50 days.Rainfall is 400-700 mm.in the year, snow in the south is 4 to 5 months, in the north, about 7 months.The West Coast gets less rainfall than in inland lake areas.The wet month of August, the dry season, April-May.
People
About 5.1 millionpeople.About 93% of them Finns, about 6% of Swedes, as well as in the Sami people of Lapland and Karelian.
Time
Behind from Moscow at 1:00.
Language
Approximately 93.5% of the population speaks Finnish, 5.9% in the Swedish (both public).In the area of business communication, and tourism are widely used English and German.In northern speak Sami.
Religion
About 88% of the population are Lutherans, 1.1% are Orthodox Christians, met representatives of other faiths.
Money
Euro, which is divided into 100 cents.The circulation banknotes denominated in 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 euros, and coins denominated in 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents.For more information, please visit the European Central Bank.
You can exchange currency at banks, in some post offices ( "Postipankki"), many hotels, ports and the airport in Helsinki (the most favorable rate of bank branches), often for the exchange to produce a passport.Cash can also be obtained and cash.Use of credit cards - the world's leading systems, they do make payments in most hotels, shops, restaurants, rent-a-car, and even some taxis.Most banks can cash the cheques and tourism.
Most products introduced VAT (22%).Some major stores has a "tax", which provides for a refund of VAT from leaving the country for tourists from non-EU countries (actually, from 12 to 16%).To make a VAT refund is required to make the purchase for an amount not less than 40-50 euros in one store, make a check "tax" (a passport) and produce the goods, check and reams pack belongings at the customs exit.
Banks normally work on weekdays from 9.15 to 16.15, the weekend is Saturday and Sunday.The holidays all banks closed.
Mail and phone
Direct contact with any country in the world can be of any phones that are almost everywhere.You can call either through coins or phone cards, which are sold at newsstands ( "R-kioski"), in stores and the post office.The border can be contacted through telephone companies, with a score 00, 990, 994 or 999, then the country code, area code and number.Be sure to Finland 8-blast-10 - 358-area code (without first figures usually 0) and the number of the recipient.
Codes some cities : Vaasa, 06, Ivalo-016 - 013 Ilomantsi, Imatra, Kotka, Lappeenranta, Kouvola-05, 017 - Kuopio, Lahti, Hameenlinna-03, 015 - Mikkeli, Salo, Turku-02-09 Helsinki, Finland (Yyuvyaskyulya) 014.
Address Directory Service (telephone, address), 118.
Background Helsinki-Vantaa airport-9600/8100 (SPCA).
Helsinki City Tourist Office-169-37-57.
Ordering a taxi in Helsinki, 700-700.
Bureau finds 189-31-80.
Ambulances, firemen, police-112.
Police-10022.
These services are free of charge from anywhere in Finland.
Medical care
No mandatory inoculations are required.Medicine can be purchased at pharmacies (apteekki "), who worked around the clock.Emergency assistance will be provided free of charge.A network of so-called health centres, clinics, a general practitioner, which is the first medical aid.When the patient asked the doctor to provide health care insurance or writing to pay for health services that are quite expensive.The cost of admission private doctors-25-35 euros for receiving no more than 20 minutes, receiving specialist would cost 40-60 euros, about 5-7 euro takes registration.
In some public clinics and health centres for visiting charge 8-10 euro.Hospital treatment is always scrambled, but the government paid only day stay in hospital (for the residents of Finland), and private and must pay for drugs and testing, and treatment in general.
Shopping, gifts, souvenirs
Shops are working on weekdays from 9.00 to 18.00-20.00, on Saturday from 9.00 to 16.00.Many private shops open longer, and between June and August and also work on Sundays.The holidays, almost all shops (except "R-kioski) closed.
Major holidays
January 1 - New Year's Day.
January 6, Epiphany.
5 Февраля - День Рунеберга.
April 2-5, Easter.
May 1 - May Day "Vapunpyayvya."
May 9-Mother's Day.
May 17-Day of Remembrance.
May 13-Ascension Day.
May 23-Trinity.
June 20-Midsummer day.
Oct 10-Day Alexy Kiwi.
Oct 24-United Nations Day.
Oct. 31-All Saints Day.
November 6-Day Swedish culture.
Nov. 8 - Father's Day.
Dec. 6-Independence Day.
December 25-26-Christmas.
The most beloved and colorful celebration of the country, "Yuhannes" (June 20-24), the longest day of the year, Midsummer Day, or the day of John the Baptist, where many large celebrations around the campfire "Kokko" in nature, song festivals and by folk groups last through the night.The "Yuhannes" usually Finnish National Holiday Finnish flag.
Every sentyabre-avguste in Helsinki Music Festival is a plethora of classical music, rock and jazz, theatrical performances and art exhibitions.The polar night in Helsinki Festival is "The Light" with a unique light and sound presentation.In July and August, the International Opera Festival in Savonlinna.In a two-week international Kuhmo Chamber Music Festival.In Iisalmi-Beer Festival (July).In Sodankylä International Film Festival (June).The Kotka-Sea Festival (July-August).In Tampere-Festival Theatre (summer).In-Mikkeli Festival Ballet (September), the annual February ski race in the women's 10 km."Naisten Kumppi and ski competition Savonia-Skiing-Reis."In summer (July) on the Aland Islands are a traditional concert "Rokoff."
In Hamina-military music festival "Hamina Tatto" (every two years in July).There are music festivals Ruisrock, Provinssirock, Down by the Laituri, Pori Jazz, and Puistoblues Raumanmeren Juhannus.Every year, the child snow schou "Lasten-Lumitapahtuma" with a variety of entertainment for children Festival Ballet (September) and "Haukisafari" for snowmobile and competitions with obachih beds in Kangasniemi.In Savonlinna an annual "Snoumen" race to the snowmobile (March).The annual Finnish Ice Marathon, held in February in Kuopio.Skiing Distance From border to border through the entire Finland (444 km.) Start in March of Saunavaara.Skiing Distance "Finland" (Hameenlinna, Lahti and Lammi-Lahti) in February, and the second busiest ski run in Europe, "Pirkka" passes between Ninnisalo and Tampere in March.World Championship in arms without a track (30 km.) Runs in the Iso-Syuete in February.
In Rovaniemi in Christmas run international Games first snow "and" Rally in the War ", in February-Ice Marathon."Winter Games in Ounasvaara and polar skiing" are held in December and January, a unique competition Arctic golf Santa Claus "(in the snow! !) - throughout the winter.In Ecker annually (27-28 April) is the major international fishing competition "Havsoringstraffen" and the championship in catching on blesnu "Trollingtraffen" (May 22-26), in Brande-championship in catching pike (August 31-September 1) and pikes Festival in Basta.
Kitchen
Finnish national cuisine has been influenced by a harsh natural environment of the country, so almost every dish is the hallmark of the historical heritage of the Finnish people.Another feature, let's simple and hearty home cooking, and especially close to the Russian tradition, with the mandatory presence of fresh bread on the table.
First, there is, of course, cooked in a variety of ways fish.The most popular dishes-rainbow trout in its own juice "graavi kirelohi" salmon in its own juice "graavi Lahu, zapechenye salmon and whitefish, herring salad from" rosolli "salat-assorti sort of fish" Salamat, caviar freshwater fish with onions and sour, "meti", yoghurt from potatoes and herring "kalalaatikko" stew of marine fish in the milk "maytokalakeytto, dried fish soup" maymarokka, fish soups on milk-kalakeytto and lohikeytteo, cakes from the acid test of raw fish "kyalakyayareyttya, crisp black and fish cakes with bacon" kalakukko ", and the famous fish pie from fresh dough" kalekukko. "
Traditional meat dishes, mostly prepared from the meat and game.Roast of reindeer meat with potato puree and cowberry jam, honey and cucumbers with home made cheese, meat po-karelski pot "karyalanpaisti" grilled meat "poronpaisti" stew in a wooden bowl lamb "syarya", and a host of foods from losyatiny and poultry.
Among dairy dishes are very popular cheese, curdled and viili "is a distinct sour milk product used as an addition to many dishes.The dessert typically served a variety of berries, which are so rich in local nature, yeast rolls "pulla" and the original kissels.
Loved Finns drink-coffee consumption at his country clearly ranks first in the world!Domestic beer "kotikalya" type plants, as essential attribute of any table.Popular vodka "Koskenkorva-vinna" and the famous "Finlandia".Special place in the local berry liqueurs - nastoyannye of forest berries and herbs "lakkalikeri (cloudberry)," puolukkalikeri "(red)," karpalolikeri (cranberry) and mesimaryalikeri (kumanika) are unusual taste and characteristic flavour.В Финляндии из ягод умудряются делать даже игристые вина - сорта "Кавльери" и "Елисси" достаточно оригинальны и популярны даже за пределами страны.
Transportation
Maritime transport plays a significant role in the movement of passengers and goods in Finland.The broad ozerno-rechnoy network and extensive marine coasts, can be reached "on the water" almost anywhere in the country, as well as in nearby countries.Court today and have a good level of service, the movement is usually maintained impeccable.During the summer season for most flights booked tickets in advance.Also, most of the tourist traffic is small craft, boats, yachts, and often simply modern power boats.
The domestic airline company Finneyr "is the densest in the world.Center for International and local flights is Helsinki-Vantaa Airport (20 km. North of the capital), as well as more than two dozen regional airports.The trip by taxi from the airport to the centre of Helsinki took 20-35 minutes and is 10-30 euros depending on the number of passengers (ordering machines encouraged to 2 hours before departure, and for flights leaving before 7 am to 8 pm the previous day).
"Tourist ticket Finneyr (Finnair Holiday Ticket, available in the offices of airlines and the Tourist Office) provides foreign tourists to spend 15 days unlimited number of times to fly domestic flights (except for the so - "Blue Days").
The Finnish Railways densely covers the entire country.Out of the capital also served trains Short Range.Travel within the city is 1.5 euros per trip ticket for travel 10 (Seutulippu "is entitled to a discount in return trip, and travel Espoo and Vantaa) - 20 euros.Rail ticket for 3 days worth 85 euros (first-class 130 euros) for 5 days - 115 Euros (1st class-175) and a 10-day 160-euro (240-first grade).Children under 6 years old are free of charge (up to four children with one adult), children between 6 and 17 years enjoy 50% discount.The family of three or more people (including adults 1-2), travelling together, enjoy a discount of 20%, passengers over 65 years - 50%.
Passport Finreylpass "permits for 3, 5 or 10 days of travel freely on the Finnish Railways (validity to 1 month).Tickets for the train and bus routes is in direct communication without transplants.Tickets purchased at the offices of the Finnish Railway.
Густая сеть автобусных маршрутов связывает практически все финские населенные пункты, служит основой внутригородского транспорта и соединяет страну с Россией, Норвегией и Швецией.
In Helsinki public transport provided by bus, tram and metro (ticket prices the same for all modes).To travel to be purchased at newsstands or in the vehicle ticket per trip ( "Kertalippu) worth 1,1-1,5 euros, or 10 tickets for travel (" Kymmenen matkan kortti ") cost 12 euros.Tickets normally be prokompostirovat during the visit.Passengers who have no travel should be in the front door and purchase tickets from the driver.In Turku travel is on the cards.
It is open from 5.25 to 23.20 on Sunday the problems raised.
Identity "Helsinki Card" provides for a fixed term unlimited travel on public transport, discounts up to 30% on bus "Finneyra" at the airport, as well as free admission to many museums, a free tour of Helsinki by bus and ferry to Sveaborg and the zoo "Korkeasaari, plus discounts at restaurants, theatres, at concerts and promotional ticket nauchno-razvlekatelny Center in Eureka."Helsinki Card" sold at the booking of hotel rooms ( "Hotel Booking Centre), the tourism bureau of the city of Helsinki (Helsinki City Tourist Office"), at the airport, as well as travel agencies and hotels.Price cards depends on the time of operation (24-hour 9-24 euros, 48 euros 12-32, 72-hour 14-38 euros).Cards for children and adults vary in price.However, the card is a detailed guidebook.
Taxis are widespread and easy.Initial price for the travel-5 euros more on taksometru (depending on the time of day rates vary).Many taxis take credit cards.Tipping is not obligatory, often rounded up on the counter to the nearest whole number.
To rent a car must have a valid driver's license or notify at least 19-24 years (depending on the company), one year of driving, as well as pay the mortgage, the estimated cost of the products (some firms accepted only credit cards).If the car is taken to hire only one way, to be paid back and run in the amount of 45-100 Fmk a day.The customer pays for gasoline.The technical condition of the cars is always good, and the cost of cars in Finland than in other European countries, depending on the season - the highest rates in the summer and winter, lower in spring and autumn.
Move right hand.Road network of high quality cover the entire country.Overtaking on the back, bends or close to the junction prohibited.When going out of town, regardless of time of day and weather conditions required "dim light lamps in the winter - spike tires and included heater.Use of seat belts compulsory for all seated in the car.Speed limit on rural-60-100 km / h in built-40-60 km / h on the road, 100-120 km per hour.Penalties for drunken driving (above 0.5 ppm) are tough.The road often go wild animals, so when traveling in forest areas should exercise extreme caution.
To enter the country by car must have the right to drive a car (not international), tehpasport vehicle (or a notarized power of attorney on the car for a Russian office), and insurance for the car ( "green card").Если срок действия "зеленой карты" истекает, для автотранспортного средства необходимо оформить пограничную страховку (действительна в Скандинавии, на территории стран ЕЭС и в Швейцарии) в Центре страхования гражданской ответственности владельцев автотранспортных средств или на таможенном пункте.The minimum term of one month Frontier insurance.Insurance charges previously (in euros) for the entire duration of stay in the country.
Напряжение
Напряжение в электросети 220-230 В., 50 Гц. Розетки соответствуют нормам ЕС. Для электроприборов британского и американского производства необходимы переходники.
Чаевые
Плата за обслуживание автоматически включается в стоимость гостиничного номера и счета ресторанов, поэтому чаевые не приняты, но гардеробщикам и швейцарам ресторанов и гостиниц обычно оставляется до 1 евро.
Виза
С 25 марта 2001 года Финляндия присоединилась к Шенгенскому соглашению. Шенгенские визы выдаются для пребывания в стране на срок не более 90 дней в течении полугода и могут предусматривать один, два или много въездов в Финляндию в течение срока действия. Для получения визы необходимо представить в посольство загранпаспорт (действительный еще 3 месяца после окончания поездки), 2 заполненные анкеты с наклеенными фотографиями, страховой полис не менее чем на 25 тыс. евро (должен покрывать весь период пребывания в стране и действовать на всей шенгенской территории), а также приглашение или туристический ваучер (бронь отеля). Посольство оставляет за собой право потребовать дополнительные документы. Обычный срок оформления визы составляет 5 рабочих дней.
Консульский сбор (в Москве оплата производится только через банк) за все виды виз составляет 35 евро. Консульский сбор с детей, вписанных в паспорт родителей, не взимается, но если у ребенка свой паспорт, то сбор взимается в полном размере.
При выезде ребенка с одним из родителей необходимо предоставить нотариально заверенное разрешение от второго родителя или документ, подтверждающий его отсутствие (книжку матери-одиночки, свидетельство о смерти и т. п.). Ограничений на передвижение по стране нет.
Таможенные правила
Ввоз национальной и иностранной валюты не ограничен. Кроме вещей личного пользования, беспошлинно можно ввезти до 1 л. крепких спиртных напитков (крепче 22%) или 2 л. аперитивов (макс. 22%) или шампанского, до 2 л. вина и до 16 л. пива. Также можно беспошлинно ввозить до 200 шт. сигарет или 100 сигарилл или 50 сигар или 250 гр. трубочного и сигаретного табака, до 100 гр. чая или 40 гр. чайного экстракта и чайной эссенции, до 50 гр. духов и 0,25 л. туалетной воды, а туристам не моложе 15 лет - 500 гр. кофе или 200 гр. кофейной эссенции.
Разрешается ввозить рыбные продукты, мед, лягушачьи ножки и улитки для собственного употребления и без ветеринарного досмотра или применения требований, предъявляемых к подтверждению происхождения продуктов, в размере до 1 кг. на каждую из перечисленных групп продуктов. Кроме того, разрешается ввозить улов до 15 кг. рыбы или одну целую рыбу, выловленную в ходе любительской рыбалки, а также детское питание или специальные виды питания лечебного действия, которые содержат мясо, мясные продукты, молоко или молочные продукты, в нераспечатанной целой розничной упаковке и на сумму не выше 175 евро. Товары, на которые нет количественных ограничений, разрешается ввозить без уплаты пошлины и налогов не более чем на сумму 185 евро (включая общую стоимость ввозимого пива). Помимо содержимого бака можно беспошлинно ввезти до 10 л. бензина.
Запрещен ввоз птичьих яиц, мяса и мясопродуктов (кроме ограниченного ввоза мяса северного оленя, зайчатины и медвежатины при наличии ветеринарного сертификата установленной формы и ввоза через ветеринарный пограничный КПП, где на продукты питания производится платный пограничный досмотр), молока и молочных продуктов из России практически не допускается.
Посольство России
Посольство РФ в Финляндии:
Tehtaankatu 1 b, 00140 Helsinki, 14, Suomi
Телефон: (8-10-35-89) 66-1876, 66-1877, 60-7050
Факс: (8-10-35-89) 66-1006
E-mail: rusembassy@co.inet.fi
Полезные советы
Торговаться в Финляндии не принято, но в некоторых магазинах и на рынках можно торговаться вполне успешно, особенно в Кауппахалли. Существует целая система сезонных скидок и распродаж. С Рождества до конца января, а также в летнее время после Иванова дня (22-24 июня), длятся продолжительные периоды распродаж, когда скидки могут доходить до 30-50%.
В Финляндии зависимость уровня сервиса и качества номеров практически не зависит от количества "звезд" отеля. При этом уровень большинства гостиниц, даже частных деревянных коттеджей в удаленных районах, очень высок, а номера оборудованы всеми современнымы удобствами. В стоимость номера практически всегда входит завтрак. Уровень цен при этом также достаточно высок.
Многие гостиницы формируют выгодные "семейные" цены, которые включают входные билеты на различные туристические объекты данного региона. Во многих отелях бесплатно (в номере с родителями) размещаются дети до 12 лет, если им не нужна дополнительная кровать. Скидку можно получить также с помощью различных гостиничных и городских карт, включающих обычно и другие виды услуг.
В стране достаточно широкая сеть кемпингов. Сбор за стоянку в кемпинге колеблется, в зависимости от класса, в пределах от 7 до 20 евро, проживание в жилом домике - от 26 до 60 Евро. Требуется наличие "Кемпинг-карты" (можно приобрести в самом кемпинге по цене 5 евро), а также действуют международная карта "CCI" и другие туристические карты.
В коттеджах и гостиничных номерах курить запрещено. Если необходим номер для курящих, то это лучше согласовать заранее, при бронировании.
В Финляндии принята очень жесткая система природопользования. Запрещается разбивать палатки и разводить костры вне специально отведенных мест, нарушать покой или наносить ущерб диким животным и птицам, разбивать лагерь в непосредственной близости от жилья, пользоваться транспортными средствами без разрешения на то владельца участка, ловить рыбу и охотиться без соответствующих разрешений (ловля рыбы на поплавковую удочку и донку бесплатные). Дополнительная информация о рыбной ловле и охоте предоставляется офисами туристических компаний.
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