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Cities Turkey, Turkey resorts, attractions Turkey on the map of Turkey

Territory

The Republic of Turkey was established in 1923 of the main former Ottoman Empire and has an area of 780,576 square metres.km.Turkey lies on the part of the land, known as Asia Minor or Anatolia, ranging from Asia to South-Eastern Europe.Asia Minor (Anatolia) borders the Black Sea to the north, on the west Aegean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea.Anatoly separates Europe from the Bosphorus straits.Mountains to the north and south of Taurus, as a wall surrounded Anatolian highlands.In the east, are dormant volcanoes, as well as the origins of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

The coastline is 8,500 km of Turkey.

Most of the country is occupied and Maloaziatskim Armenian highlands in the north Pontiyskie mountains in the south ridges Thawra.Major rivers : the Euphrates, Tigris, Kyzyl-Irmak, Sakarya.Largest Lake : Van and Ace (saline).

In 1923, Turkey launched a democratic republic led by a president.Parliament consists of two chambers re-elected every four years.The government is headed by a prime minister.

The founder and first president, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.Having led the young republic, Ataturk reformed social order based on the Western model.I abolished the Sultanate and kalefit, abolished the Arabic alphabet, a European legal system type calendar.For the first time in history, women won the right to vote.

Ataturk enjoyed the respect of Turkey.His numerous portraits, busts, memorials can be seen everywhere in the streets, in offices, stores.

Today Turkey is a modern Western country, a member of NATO and the United Nations, which plays a prominent role in world affairs and particularly in West Asia and the Mediterranean.

Turkey is the capital of Ankara.

In Europe, Turkey is a small length of the border with Bulgaria to the north, Greece to the west, Georgia and Armenia in the Caucasus, Iran and Iraq to the east and with Syria at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates.

Climate

Turkey's climate varies by region.In the west and south, which has a Mediterranean climate, hot summer and dry, and winters are mild.The Anatolia and the surrounding region with a hot summer, called the Turkish Riviera.The Interior Highlands dominated continental climate, with hot summers and cold, snowy winter.In the eastern parts of the country dominated by extreme continental climate on the Black Sea coast due to mountainous terrain gets much rain.The temperature on the south coast to swim from April to October.West Coast is constant heat.In Istanbul, the climate is mild, the sky is often obstructed by clouds.The bad (hot and humid) years is the area between Merennom and Antakey.Overall, the average temperature in January ranges from 5 to 15 ° C, from July 15 to 32 ° C.

The resort area 300 days a year the sun shines hot, so even if you have little sunburnt home RECOMMENDATIONS use protective creams with UVA-UVB factor of at least 15-20, and not forget about them until the last days of your vacation.

People

At present, there are about 65-70 millionpeople, most of whom are urban dwellers.82% are Turks, Kurds 10.6%.The rest is made up of Arabs, Greeks, Armenians, the Spanish Jews, Circassians and other small nations.

Óðîâåíü ðîæäàåìîñòè - 2.8%
The mortality rate - 0.8%
The male population is 50.4% female, 49.6%.
In recent years, thanks to rapid economic growth, the population of Turkey is constantly increasing.

Temperature (air / water)

January	14 / 17
February	15 / 17
March	18 / 19
April	18 / 19
May	20 / 21
June	25 / 24
July	28 / 27
August	29 / 28
September	26 / 27
October	21 / 24
November	18 / 23
December	15 / 19

Time

In Turkey, Eastern time, the time difference with the Middle-plus one hour in Moscow minus one hour.Temporary differences with Ukraine and Belarus not.

In each region, and even city operation may differ.Banks are open on weekdays from 8.30 to 12.30 and from 13.30 to 17.30.Weekends, Saturday, Sunday.Stores and pharmacies are usually open from 9.00 am to 21.00 amOn Sundays open call pharmacies and some major retailers.In the resort area, most shops working "until the last customer" - that is, until the flow of walk away tourists, which is usually two hours a night.Mosques are open almost all the time, but it is better not to visit them during prayers, and on Friday (the Muslim holy day).Museums are working with 8.30 or 9.30 to 17.00 - 17.30.Most museums are closed on Monday.

Language

The official language of Turkey is Turkish.Modern Turkish result of the popular language of Turkey, starotyurkskogo and Central Asian languages. 1928 ãîäó áûëà ïðîâåäåíà ÿçûêîâàÿ ðåôîðìà, â ðåçóëüòàòå êîòîðîé àðàáñêèé àëôàâèò áûë çàìåíåí íà ëàòèíñêèé. Èç-çà áîëüøîãî ïðèòîêà ãîñòåé èç åâðîïåéñêèõ ñòðàí, à îñîáåííî Ãåðìàíèè, áîëüøîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ïîëó÷èëè íåìåöêèé è àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûêè, â êóðîðòíîé çîíå - ðàçãîâîðíûé ðóññêèé.

Many traditional forms of communication between people is rooted in Islam.Religious formula greetings, good wishes and expressions of courtesy underlined still play an important role even in the cities.Òóðêè îòëè÷àþòñÿ îáõîäèòåëüíîñòüþ, ãîòîâíîñòüþ ïîìî÷ü è ÷åñòíîñòüþ.However, talking to them, there should be no haste and impatience.Every business needs to start talking more general terms, for example, indicate where you come from, where going.Áîëüøîå çíà÷åíèå ïðèäàåòñÿ ýòèêåòó.

A few words in Turkish often offer any alien door.Restraint and respect required when visiting a mosque to see it when there is no worship.At the entrance to the mosque, in a house or an apartment to rent Turk relies shoes.

The confusion, and sometimes frustration encountered passion tourists to photograph, especially in rural areas.However, in most cases a friendly glance, a gesture or an issue to get permission to film.With the purchase, keep in mind that most stores have strong pricing.At the same market could potorgovatsya carpet, or the price of copper products : it is part of the trade ritual.

Religion

98% of the Turkish population is Muslim, orprofess Islam, a religion created by the Prophet Mohammed.Muslims must pray five times a day, with the post during the holy festival of Ramadan.Important religious holidays, and Ramazan Kubran Bajrang.Turkey is a secular state, orseparation of religion and state, but, even so, many aspects of life imbued Islam.

In the big cities, people with a camera attracts attention.But in provincial towns and rural areas need to take into account certain characteristics.Islam forbids images, so the faithful Muslims not willingly allowed themselves photographed.If you want to photograph women, farmers or artisans in the field of work, better to ask permission first.

Apart from the Muslims in Turkey are Greek, Armenian and siriysko-pravoslavnye Christians, Jews.Religious intolerance is not.

Money

The unit Turkey is the Turkish Lira (TL).There are banknotes 500000, 250000, 100000, 50000, 20000, 10000 and 5000 lire coins in the 20000, 10000, 5000, 1000, 500 and 100 lire.

You can exchange currency everywhere.Almost all shops and restaurants accept dollars and German marks, but more often than not, in a very unfavourable exchange rate.Exchange of travellers cheques and currency makes banks, exchange offices, travel agencies and hotels.The most advantageous course by mail (yellow signboard with the inscription "PTT").

Import of currency in the country is limited, but the Turkish lira can import or export more than eq.$ 1.000 USA.Exchange rates in China vary enormously, so we can not say with a high accuracy rate of the local currency.

All types of cheques and credit cards, but nevsegda and not everywhere.

Mail and phone

Turkish mail RTT depicted in black letters on a yellow background.All telephone toll.You can call the hotel or on the phone card from the machine, which is much cheaper.For fans provider may acquire GSM card in any of the offices of Turkcell.

Most hotel rooms have phone, which acts either through soedenitel or direct connection.Also in the streets and at post offices are public telephones.The Russia-007.In telefonah-avtomatah operating cash and phone cards, which you can buy at the e-mail.

Medical care

In Turkey, there are public and private clinics.Medical care-for free.In any case, if there are any health problems, go to the insurance company, which listed in the phone your insurance policies.JD staff will explain how to proceed in each case.

Shopping, gifts, souvenirs

Low cost and high-quality leather, cotton, gold jewellery, products and ornamental copper made Turkey one of the most attractive countries for purchases.In addition, non-fixed prices allow tourists to bargain with the sellers.In XV century heavily emphasized ceramics and porcelain.And today, you can see the decorative plates and vases related to the period.A well-developed production utensils from copper and zinc.Everywhere you can see the traditional dishes, trays, coffee, folding ornamental products, unique design carpets of silk and wool, jewelry of silver and gold, design and quality that satisfy the most demanding taste.One of the most popular souvenirs is "Nazar", as a souvenir blue eye, which keeps on sglaza and "bad thoughts".

Îñíîâíûå ïðàçäíèêè

Ramadan, the holy month (Post).The Post Muslims do not eat or drink from the first morning to evening prayers.
Sheker-Bayram-at the end of the holy Ramadan Muslims celebrate the holiday, during which three days to prepare various sweets.
Bayram, the Feast of Sacrifice.The religious holiday of the year, which lasted four days.In those days, Muslims sacrifice a sheep, meat is divided into three parts.
April 23-Children's Day
May 19-Youth Day
August 30-Independence Day
October 29th Republic Day

Kitchen

Turkish cuisine is known all over the world and is famous for its diversity, with our possible combination sample culinary arts for many millennia zaselyavshih these ancient territory.In countless restaurants and cafes, you can choose a dish for every taste.The variety of cold and hot appetizers, meat, fish and vegetable dishes shocks even enlightened food tourist.For Bunter is a paradise.

Regarding Turkish dishes from the alien does not have any misgivings.Instead, popular with cooks and restaurant patrons food, such as fried potatoes, refrigerated or solid steak, are almost always useful.The Turkish cuisine is not used any products unknown to us, usually with few spices (excluding meals South Anatolia).

Ãîâîðÿ î ïðåëåñòÿõ íàöèîíàëüíîé êóõíè íåëüçÿ íå óïîìÿíóòü è î íàïèòêàõ.Where would you come, you are sure to invite Turkish coffee and tea.The warm day airan-yoghurt, a dilute water-save you from drinking, and for dinner pleased try a glass of Turkish wine, white or red, to understand the beauty of our Crimean wines.According to one of the tours, Turkish wine is the Wild urine.

The food in Turkey are divided on the mountain, where a day can take a hot dish like thick soup, and restaurants (pizza parlors), which had not made soups and vegetable dishes, but there are all kinds of hot.I suggest not accepted, but anyone can go to the kitchen and choose a dish to taste (but in the resort area are often as usual).

Transportation

Aeroflot offers flights in three directions (departing from the airport Sheremetyevo-2) :
Moscow-Istanbul : daily;
Moscow - Ankara : Tuesday, Thursday;
Moscow to Antalya : Monday Sunday.

Turkish Airlines : Moscow-Istanbul : daily.

You can also do the same train.The Moscow-Istanbul train to be in Varna.

A simple and convenient mode of transportation are mini-buses in Turkey called "dolmush".Dolmushi go on the most popular routes.
Taxis in Turkey yellow, they always set taximeters.Taxis are near each hotel and the busiest tourist areas.There is a need to bring to your attention that, after 24.00 a night rate, which exceeds the daily almost doubled.

Cars are issued to tourists spend over 21 years, if the right.

Nature and Animals

Environmental diversity Turkey is not seen in any other country in the world!Combining characteristics of the three ancient continents world-Europe, Africa and Asia - are like beautiful landscapes Turkey Turkish carpet with his unique ornamentation.

You win the beauty of majestic mountains Thawra, the foot of which is covered by dense shrubs pet, laurel derevymi greens and thyme.Flamingo on the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea live their nests in river valleys and winter in the saline lakes are hills.On the south coast, puglivye and most attractive sea turtles in the world, nest each year, providing a new generation of life.

Turkey is surrounded on three sides by sea.Marine waters are rich in fish.In coastal cities fish and other Sea-lobster, lobster, shrimp, mussels diversify table.Tulips, as in England, Turkey also popular.Bright paint they decorate in their flowering period, the endless plains.The diversity and abundance grown in Turkey vegetables and fruits defy description.Everywhere widely lie beautiful gardens of orange, faint, Turkmenistan and lemon trees.Turkey is home to such well-known fruits such as cherry, apricot, almonds and figs.

Tourism

Nowadays Turkey more than ever, serves as a bridge between East and West.

Originally tourism in Turkey sosredotachivalsya almost exclusively in the areas of Istanbul, the Aegean and Marmara seas, a recent vacation beaches attract South Coast of Turkey.Nowhere in the world do not find such diversity, both in Asia Minor.Hetti, urarty, frigiytsy, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Georgians, Armenians left temples, tombs, theaters, churches, mosques and palaces.Most of Turkey is bounded by the sea : Black in the north Aegean and Marmara and the Mediterranean in the west to the south.

Istanbul, with a population of nearly 6.6 millionman-largest city, largest port and a major industrial and economic centre of the country.While in 1923 the capital was moved to Ankara, Istanbul is still the centre of the cultural and spiritual life of Turkey.

Voltage

Voltage is 220 Volt Turkey, the outlet is the standard, why not make sense to bring the European plugs.We want to point out that in the summer months, water stress can be reduced slightly.But znergiticheskaya network in the tourist regions of Turkey were in good or even very good condition.

Tipping

Turkey was left gratuities.The amount of bribes depends on you on a given service.Typically, the tip is 10% of the account.You can leave tips waitresses and hotel employees.You can also thank maid ubirayuschuyu your number, the bus driver to help you load your luggage.I remember Russian "forgetfulness" past frequently reminded of this.

Rules of Conduct

For each photographer simply zldorado Turkey.Ancient city bucolic corners in the villages and towns, street life, the beauty of pristine and full of romantic landscapes are long stay in the memory, and optically attractive motives.But please understand that deeply religious Muslims are photographed quite undesirable fee for taking photographs in museums sometimes can be improved, and in the mosques were needed to ask permission in advance.

Hygienic

In Turkey not to drink tap water.Low drinking water is sold anywhere.

Visa

Citizens of Russia to enter Turkey a passport and visa.The visa fee is $ 10 per person (for both adults and children).The visa simple : for landing at the airport with a passport photograph of the mark.Better be prepared the exact amount, as at the airport are often queue for lack of small money, and delivery of $ 100 will give you a very disadvantageous to the lira exchange rate.Tourist multiviza entitles you to perform multiple visits and stay in the country for two months.

Customs regulations

Tourist can bring in the country :
- personal belongings;
- one video camera and five videotapes (net), five cassette tapes or laser discs;
One handheld computer, electronic game devices;
- îäèí ðàäèîïðèåìíèê, ïëååð, ïðîèãðûâàòåëü êîìïêàò-äèñêîâ (óñòðîéñòâî äîëæíî áûòü ñåðòèôèöèðîâàíî Ìèíèñòåðñòâîì ôèíàíñîâ è Òàìîæíåé, áîëüøèíñòâî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûõ ìîäåëåé ñåðòèôèöèðîâàíû),
- îäèí áèíîêëü;
- íåîáõîäèìûå ìåäèöèíñêèå ïðåïàðàòû;
- âåëîñèïåä, êîëÿñêà, èãðóøêè;
- 200 ñèãàðåò è 50 ñèãàð;
- 200 ãðàììîâ òàáàêà, èëè 50 ãðàììîâ æåâàòåëüíîãî òàáàêà;
- êîôå 1.5 êã, êîôå ðàñòâîðèìûé 1.5 êã, 500 ãðàììîâ ÷àÿ;
- îäèí êèëîãðàìì øîêîëàäà è îäíè êèëîãðàìì êîíôåò;
- ïÿòü (1ë) èëè ñåìü (700 ìë) áóòûëîê âèíà èëè êðåïêèõ íàïèòêîâ;
- ïÿòü ôëàêîíîâ äóõîâ (120 ml ìàêñèìóì êàæäûé);
- öåííûå èçäåëèÿ ñ öåííîñòüþ áîëåå ÷åì $ 15,000 äîëæíû äåêëàðèðîâàòüñÿ ïðè âåçäå â Òóðöèþ;
- îñòðûå èíñòðóìåíòû è îðóæèå íå ìîãóò áûòü ââåçåíû â ñòðàíó áåç ñïåöèàëüíîãî ðàçðåøåíèÿ;
- ïðîâîç â ñòðàíó íàðêîòèêîâ ñòðîãî çàïðåùàåòñÿ, íàêàçàíè î÷åíü ñóðîâîå.

Òóðèñò ìîæåò âûâåçòè èç ñòðàíû:
- ïîäàðêè: íîâûé êîâåð ñî ñâèäåòåëüñòâîì î ïîêóïêå, ñòàðèííûå èçäåëèÿ, íà íèõ íåîáõîäèìî ñâèäåòåëüñòâî èç óïðàâëåíèÿ ìóçåÿ;
- ýêñïîðò àíòèêâàðèàòà èç Òóðöèè çàïðåùåí;
- öåííûå ëè÷íûå âåùè ìîãóò áûòü âûâåçåíû èç ñòðàíû, åñëè îíè áûëè ïðîäåêëàðèðîâàíû ïðè âúåçäå, èëè åñëè åñòü äîêóìåíò, ïîäòâåðæäàþùèé ëåãàëüíîñòü ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ èõ â Òóðöèè.

Ïîñîëüñòâî Ðîññèè

Ïîñîëüñòâî Ðîññèè â Àíêàðå: Karayagdi Sok. ´5, Cankaya-Ankara. Òåë. 439 21 22, 440 08 217, ôàêñ 438 39 52.

Êîíñóëüñòâî Ðîññèè â Ñòàìáóëå: Istiklal cad. 443, Beyoglu-Istanbul. Òåë. 326 26 00, ôàêñ 326 26 01.

Êîíñóëüñòâî Ðîññèè â Òðàáçîíå: Ercurum Cad. No 35, Trabzon.

Äîïîëíèòåëüíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ

Ïîñêîëüêó Òóðöèÿ - ìóñóëüìàíñêàÿ ñòðàíà, ñóùåñòâóþò íåêîòîðûå íåïðèâû÷íûå äëÿ åâðîïåéöåâ îáû÷àè è òðàäèöèè, êîòîðûå íåîáõîäèìî óâàæàòü:
- Ïðè âõîäå â ÷àñòíûé äîì ïðèíÿòî ñíèìàòü îáóâü è îñòàâëÿòü åå ó âõîäà
- Ïðè âõîäå â ìå÷åòü òàêæå íåîáõîäèìî ñíÿòü îáóâü, à æåíùèíû äîëæíû áûòü ñ ïîêðûòîé ãîëîâîé è â äëèííîé þáêå, â ïðîòèâíîì ñëó÷àå Âàñ ìîãóò íå âïóñòèòü â ìå÷åòü
- Íå ñëåäóåò ôîòîãðàôèðîâàòü æåíùèí â ÷¸ðíûõ îäåæäàõ è ìóæ÷èí áåç èõ ñîãëàñèÿ.
- Êà÷åñòâî òîâàðîâ ó óëè÷íûõ òîðãîâöåâ ìîæåò áûòü î÷åíü ðàçíûì...
- Óïîòðåáëåíèå íà óëèöå è â îáùåñòâåííûõ ìåñòàõ ñïèðòíûõ íàïèòêîâ (äàæå ïèâî) â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ìîæåò âûçâàòü íåîäîáðåíèå

Cities Turkey, Turkey resorts, attractions Turkey on the map of Turkey